is then wiped down with a solvent such as turpentine to

remove all grease from the surface.

To print a lithograph, the printer flushes the surface with

water, which is absorbed by the undrawn area but the

greasy drawn area rejects. The printer then applies oil-base

ink with a roller, and since water will not unite with oil the

ink sticks only to the grease and thereby forms the image

that can be pressure transferred to paper.

In a more modern, mechanized process called "Offset

lithography," the image to be printed is photographically

applied to a metal plate that is then mounted onto the roller

of a printing press. Ink is applied to the plate, transferred to

a rubber roller called a "blanket" and from the blanket onto

paper. Offset lithography is today the most widely used

method of printing.

Because the older method brings paper and printing

plate into direct contact with one another, the plate suffers a

certain degree of wear as each copy is pulled and this is why

low-number prints and artist proofs traditionally have been

more desirable than copies made toward the end of the

press run. Plate-wear is not a significant factor in offset

lithography so there is no longer any actual difference in

quality between the first print of an edition and the last one.

Lost Wax Process- Clay to wax to bronze--the lost wax

process is a method for changing a sculpture made of soft

clay into a harder material such as bronze. Changing the

clay to bronze involves two molds for each sculpture. The

first mold (made of plaster and rubber) yields a wax cast of

the sculpture. The hand pouring of the wax determines the

thickness, and therefore the weight, of the final bronze.

Immersing the wax cast in a liquid ceramic material forms

the basis of the second mold. When hardened, the material

can withstand the high temperature of the molten bronze.

Next, the mold is heated until the wax melts out or

disappears. Because the wax disappears, it becomes "lost

wax" as the name of the process implies. The resulting